Neck Pain
The cervical spine is a marvelous and complex structure. It is capable of supporting a head weighing 15 or more pounds while moving in several directions. No other region of the spine has such freedom of movement. This combination however, complexity and mobility, make the neck susceptible to pain and injury.
This complex structure includes 7 small vertebrae, intervertebral discs to absorb shock, joints, the spinal cord, 8 nerve roots, vascular elements, 32 muscles, and ligaments.
Neck mobility is matchless. It is capable of moving the head in many directions: 90 degrees of flexion (forward motion), 90 degrees of extension (backward motion), 180 degrees of rotation (side to side), and almost 120 degrees of tilt to either shoulder.
The causes of neck pain are as varied as the list is long. Consider a few examples: Injury and Accidents, Growing Older, and Everyday Life. Poor posture, obesity, and weak abdominal muscles disrupt the spine's balance often causing the neck to bend forward to compensate. Stress and emotional tension can cause muscles to tighten and contract resulting in pain and stiffness.
Obtaining a proper diagnosis is paramount to determine the best course of treatment. A physical therapist will take the patient's medical history. The oral segment of the examination often includes many questions such as "when did the pain start?" - "what activities preceded the pain?" - "previous treatment" - "does the pain radiate or travel into other body parts?" - "what makes the pain less or greater?" and so on. A physical examination includes observing the patient's posture, range of motion, and physical condition. Any movement generating pain is carefully noted. The therapist will palpate or feel the curvature of the spine, vertebral alignment, and detect muscle spasm.